Adhik maas (full) information (facts) (significance) (importance) (story) | Hindu Leap year information (facts)
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Just before going to “Adhik maas (full) information (facts) (significance) (importance) (story) | Hindu Leap year information (facts)“, let us have a brief some brief information.
Contents of this post (article) is as given below:
Adhik Maas meaning | Information about ‘अधिक मास’ / Adhik Maas is applicable for चन्द्रमान / Chandramana followers | Information about Sankramana (movement) during अधिक मॉस / Adhik Maas | Information about why Adhik Maas is also called as Purushottam Maas |
Few other names for Adhik Maas (अधिक मॉस / Adhika Maasa) | Information about पुरुषोत्तम मास / Purushottam Maas | Main duties during Adhik maas (Adhika Maasa) | Information about मास स्नान / Maas snan during Adhik maas (Bath during the month of Adhik maas) | 33 Devatas (Demigods) in Apoopa Daana |
Chintana (remembering) should be done of 33 Devatas (Demigods) in the Adhika maasa | Information about Adhik Maas story | List of Adhik Maas years and many more…
Adhik Maas meaning : Adhik Maas in simple words we can call as “Hindu leap year“. There is an extra month in every few years and this extra month is called as Adhik Maas (Hindu leap year).
Adhik maas in 2023 : Tue, 18 Jul, 2023 – Wed, 16 Aug, 2023 (Adhik maas is present in 2023).
Adhik maas is also written as Adhika maasa or Adhika masam or Adhika masa and in Sanskrit it is written as अधिक मास (adhika māsa). ‘अधिक मास’ (Adhika Maasa) falls on the trayodhashi maasa (thirteenth month) in a calendar year as per the Lunar calendar, i.e., ‘चन्द्रमाना रीत्या’ (Chandramana reetya).
(This is not followed by those who are follow the ‘सौरमान पंचांग‘ (Solar Calender), i.e., ‘सौरमान रीत्या’ (Souramana reetya). As per ‘चन्द्रमान रीत्या‘ (Chandramana reetya), we have 354 days in a calendar year.
Whereas as per ‘सौरमान रीत्या’ (Souramana reetya, that is Solar Calendar) we have 365 days per year. Thus, there is a difference of 11 days between ‘सौरमान रीत्या’ (Souramana reetya) and ‘चन्द्रमान रीत्या’ (Chandramana reetya).
So, these difference of 11 days of extra days will be added once in 33 months (32 months, 16 days, and 4 hours to be precise). Thus, that there is an extra 29 or 30 days in that particular year.
This concept of adding one extra month after every 33 months is known as Adhik Maas (‘अधिक मास’ / ‘Adhika Maasa’).
States like in Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, etc., the Adhik Maasa (‘अधिक मास’ / ‘adhika maasa’) begins on – Shukla Paksha, Padya and ends on Amavasya day (New moon day).
In North India, Adhik Maas (‘अधिक मास’ / ‘Adhika Maasa) begins on – ‘Krishna Paksha, Padya tithi’, and ends on purnima (Full moon day).
Whereas in states like Assam, Bengal, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, there is no ‘adhika maasa’ for them, since they are following solar calendar.
Information about ‘अधिक मास’ / Adhik Maas is applicable for चन्द्रमान / Chandramana followers is as given below:
Let us know more information about this now: The चन्द्रमान पंचांग / Lunar calendar completely synchronizes with the सौरमान पंचांग / solar calendar in a period of 60 years. In total, these 60 years will have 60 Samvatsaras.
If we want to explain mathematically one चन्द्रमान वर्ष / Chandramana year (Lunar calendar = 29.5305 X 12 = 354.366 days) has 354.366 days, while a सौर वर्ष / Soura varsha / Solar year (Solar calendar = 365.2587 days) has 365 days, the difference being 11 days per year.
That is, for one year (i.e., 12 months) – 11 days | For second year (i.e., 12 months) – 11 days | Similarly for 8 months (i.e., 8 months) – 7 ½ days | And again for 16 days & 4 hours – ½ day – Thus, total 33 months – 30 days.
द्वात्रिंशद्भि: गतै: मासै: दिनै: षोदशभिस्तथ । घटिकानां चतुष्केण पतत्यधिकमासक: ।
ದ್ವಾತ್ರಿಂಶದ್ಭಿ: ಗತೈ: ಮಾಸೈ: ದಿನೈ: ಷೋದಶಭಿಸ್ತಥ | ಘಟಿಕಾನಾಂ ಚತುಷ್ಕೇಣ ಪತತ್ಯಧಿಕಮಾಸಕ: |
dvātrinśadbhi: gatai: māsai: dinai: ṣōdaśabhistatha | ghaṭikānāṁ catuṣkēṇa patatyadhikamāsaka: |
Information about Sankramana (movement) during अधिक मॉस / Adhik Maas is as given below:
During the period of अधिक मॉस / Adhik Maas, there will not be any sankramana (movement).
That is why it is said as: असन्क्रान्त मासोधि मास | asaṅkrānta māsōdhi māsa | asankraanta maasOdhi maasa |
Please remember that normally Adhik maas (अधिक मॉस / Adhika maasa) will be happening once in 33 months. While sometimes, it may happen in 29 months or 30 months or 31 months and also may be in 35 months due to the variations in ‘Graha sancharam‘ (movement of planets).
It is said in Mahabharata that the Adhik maas (अधिक मॉस / Adhika maasa) will be occurring twice in 5 years.
पंचमे पंचमे वर्षे दौमासावधिमासकौ | तेषां कालातिरेकेण ग्रहाणामतिचारतः |
ಪಂಚಮೇ ಪಂಚಮೇ ವರ್ಷೇ ದ್ವೌಮಾಸಾವಧಿಮಾಸಕೌ | ತೇಶಾಂ ಕಾಲಾತಿರೇಕೇಣ ಗ್ರಹಾಣಾಮತಿಚಾರತ: |
pan̄camē pan̄camē varṣē dvaumāsāvadhimāsakau | tēśāṁ kālātirēkēṇa grahāṇāmaticārata: |
Also, अधिक मॉस / Adhika maasa will happen when there are two पूर्णिमा / purnima (full moon day) or two अमावास्य / amavasya (new moon days) during the two संक्रमण / sankramanas.
Information about why Adhik Maas is also called as Purushottam Maas is as given below:
Lord Sri Purushottama (one of the forms of Lord Sri Vishnu) is the maasa niyamaka (controller of the month) for this अधिक मॉस / adhika maasa. That is why adhik maas it is called as “Purushottama Maasa”.
[Purushottama Maasa (पुरुषोत्तम मास) (puruṣōttama māsa) is also written as Purushottam Maas or Purushottama Masam.]
Few other names for Adhik Maas (अधिक मॉस / Adhika Maasa) is as given below:
It is called as “मल मास” (mala mās) (mala masam) (Mala Maasa) (Mal mas) (Malmas), as Lord Sri Maha Vishnu will remove all our paapaas / sins during this month.
As this month will be without sankranti, in this month the importance for Shubha karyas (auspicious ceremonies) like: vivaha / Marriage, Upanayana (Yagnopaveetham), Griha Pravesha, etc. are not given.
मलिम्लुच / malimlucha – When there is no sun in a particular month it is termed as ‘मलिम्लुच’ / ‘malimucha’.
There are Dwadasha Adityas, that is: AruNa, Surya, Bhaanu, Tapana, Indra, Ravi, Babhasti, Aryama, HiraNyarEtasa, Divaakara, Mitra, ViShNu will be born in each twelve months.
There will be no Surya / Sun during the thirteenth month. Thus, the works of the Surya / Sun will be done by the Suryamandala itself.
मासेषु द्वादशादित्या: तपंते हि यथाक्रमं । नपुंसकेधिके मासि मंडलं तपसे रवॆ ॥
ಮಾಸೇಷು ದ್ವಾದಶಾದಿತ್ಯಾ: ತಪಂತೇ ಹಿ ಯಥಾಕ್ರಮಂ | ನಪುಂಸಕೇಧಿಕೇ ಮಾಸಿ ಮಂಡಲಂ ತಪಸೇ ರವೆ ||
māsēṣu dvādaśādityā: tapantē hi yathākramaṁ | napunsakēdhikē māsi maṇḍalaṁ tapasē rave ||
Information about पुरुषोत्तम मास / Purushottam Maas is as given below:
Lord Sri Purushottama is the maasa niyamaka (controller of the month).
Once upon a time, Lord Sri Brahma Deva kept the साधन (sādhana) (Sadhana) done through वेदोक्त आचरण / Vedokta acharana on one side of a scale of the weighing machine, and sadhana done during purushottama maasa on the other side of the weighing machine.
Then the scale weighed more in पुरुषोत्तम साधन / purushottama sadhana. This clearly explains the importance of Adhika maas (Adhika maasa).
Main duties during Adhik maas (Adhika Maasa) is as given below:
अधिक मास विशेषता (Specialty of Adhika Maasa) – भागवत श्रवण (Bhagavata Shravana) (Reading Srimad Bhagavatam), भागवत पुस्तक दान (Bhagavat pustaka daana) (Donating Srimad Bhagavatam), नक्त भोजन (Nakta Bhojana) (Night meals),
एक-भुक्त (Eka-Bhukta) (Having food one time a day), उपोषण (Uposhana) (Fasting), मौन व्रत (Mauna Vrata) (Keeping silence), अधःशयन (Adhaha-Shayana) (sleeping on floor), आलवाण व्रत (Aalavana vrata) (not eating food which contains salt),
नखा-केश व्रत (Nakha-kesha vrata) (Nail-hair ritual), विष्णु पंचक (Vishnu Panchaka), धारण पारण (Dhaarana Paarana), अयाचित व्रत (Ayachita vrata) (Unsolicited ritual), ताम्बूल दान (Taamboola Daana) (donating betel leaves), दीप दान (Deepa Daana) (donating diyas),
अपूप दान (Apoopa Daana) (donating food containing wheat), फल दान (Phala Daana) (donation of fruits), etc.
Information about मास स्नान / Maas snan during Adhik maas (Bath during the month of Adhik maas) is as given below:
Throughout the period of the month, we have to wake up early, that is – we need to wake up at the अरुणोदय काल / arunodaya kalam (before the Sunrise) itself and take bath in rivers or tirthas or at least in wells.
(If we are not able to take bath at these auspicious place, and if we are taking bath in a Pipeline water supplied, then also, we have to do the चिंतन / chintana (remember) of Ganga Devi and take bath.)
नक्त भोजन / Nakta Bhojana : We need to do the upavaasa / fasting till night and do the bhojana (eat food) only in the night (one time food).
अयाचित व्रत / Ayaachita Vrata : We must not ask anybody for anything. We have be यदृच्छ लाभ सन्तुष्ट (yadr̥ccha lābha santuṣṭa), that is, “be satisfied with obtaining what comes spontaneously“.
धारण पारण / Dharana Paarana : One day upavaasa / fasting (DharaNa), next day (PaaraNa) – with this 15 days upavasa and 15 days bhojana (every alternative day upavasa and the next day PaaraNa).
ताम्बूल दान / Tamboola Daana : During Adhik Maas period, if we give ताम्बूल दान / tamboola daana (donation of betel leaves) to right brahmana sumangali (suvaagan), our दौर्भाग्य / dourbhagya (unfortunate things) will be removed and we will get सौभाग्य / soubhagya (auspiciousness).
दीप दान / Deepa Daana : During this month we have to light ‘Akhanda deepa’ in the mandir / devalayam / temple. We must make sure that the deepa (diya) never goes off throughout the night (24 hours).
अपूप दान / Apoopa Daana : In this month, we need to give ‘अपूप दान’ / ‘apoopa daana’ of 33 apoopa to right Brahmanas everyday. But however, we can give more than 33 daana also. But we should remember not to give less than 33 daanas.
If it is not possible to give ‘अपूप दान’ / ‘apoopa daana’ on all the days, one can give it on any particular day. It must be accompanied by same number of Tamboola, and dakshina.
If we are doing on any single day – Shukla dwadashi, purNima, Krishna Dwadashi, amavasya, Krishna paksha ashtami, navami and chaturdashi days are preferable.
‘अपूप दान’ / ‘apoopa daana’ must be made up of Rice, jaggery, ghee only. By giving the ‘अपूप दान’ / ‘apoopa daana’, we will get the punya equal to prithvi daana (donation of whole earth).
फल दान / Phala Daana : ‘अपूप दान’ / ‘apoopa daana’ is the best daana. But one can give daana of phala / fruits, like mangoes, bananas, etc. Each phala / fruit must have be along with 33 tamboola, 33 dakshina, etc.
काम्यकर्म निषिद्ध / Kamyakarma nishiddha : During the period of Adhika Maasa, vivaha / Marriage, Upanayana (Yagnopaveetham), Griha Pravesha, choula, sanyasa sweekara, annaprashana auspicious ceremonies should not be done as these are kaamya-karma (with some expectations) works.
But, however other Karmas like homa, havana done with the intention of pleasing Lord Sri Vishnu, bhagavata poojaartham (to do pooja / worship of Bhagavan) it can be done.
If we have already started any kamya-karma prior to adhika maasa, it can be continued, but new karmas should not be started.
संवत्सरिक श्राद्ध / Samvatsarika Shraaddhaas : Samvatsarika shraaddhaa, which we usually do during a month of Adhika maasa has to be done in Nija maasa. E.g., Shraaddha which is done in the Vaishaka Maasa should be done in regular Vaishaka maasa itself and not in Adhika Vaishaka Maasa.
चातुर्मास्य / Chaturmasya : If during the period of Chaturmasya, Adhika maasa also comes, then we have to observe Chaturmasya + Adhikamaasa (both). If during Shaka vrata adhikamasa also comes, Shaka Vrata should be done for two months.
महालय मास / Mahalaya Maasa : If during the period of Bhadrapada Maasa adhika Maasa comes, then Mahalaya Paksha has to be done in both Adhika and nija Bhadrapada maasa.
33 Devatas (Demigods) in Apoopa Daana as given below:
Ashta vasus (8 Vasus)
Devata Antaryami Bhagavan
1. DrONa VishNu
2. Dhruva Jishnu
3. Dosha MahavishNu
4. Arka Hari
5. Agni Krishna
6. Dyou Adhokshaja
7. PraaNa Keshava
8. Vibhavasu Madhava
Ekadasha Rudras (11 Rudras)
9. Bheema Raama
10. Raivata Achyuta
11. Oja Purushottama
12 Ajaikapaat Govinda
13. Mahaan Vamana
14. Bahuroopa SrIsha
15. Bhava SrIkanTa
16. Vaamadeva Vishvasaakashi
17. Ugra NaarayaNa
18. VruShaakapi Madhuripu
19. Ahirbudhni Aniruddha
Dwadasha Adityas (12 Adityas)
20. Vivaswaan Trivikrama
21. Aryamaa VaasudEva
22. Poosha JagadyOni
23. tvaShTru AnaMta
24. Savitru Sheshasaayi
25. Bhaga SankarshaNa
26. Dhaatru Pradyumna
27. Parjanya Daityaari
28. VaruNa VishvatOmukha
29. Mitra Janardhana
30. Shakra Dharaavaasa
31. Urukrama Daamodara
32. Prajapathi Agardhana
33. Vashatkara SrIpati
Chintana (remembering) should be done of 33 Devatas (Demigods) in the Adhika maasa:
That is, Ashta Vasu (8 Vasus), Ekadasha Rudras (11 Rudras), Dvaadasha Adityas (12 Adityas), Prajapati 1, Vashatkara 1.
Information about Adhik Maas story is as given below:
Once upon a time, Goddess Sri Lakshmi Devi asked Lord Sri Vishnu: “as to how to perform the Adhik Maas (Adhika Maasa) pooja and what are the daanas / donations to be done during Adhika maasa period.”
After requesting the question from Goddess Sri Lakshmi Devi, Lord Sri Vishnu told her that he himself (Lord Sri Vishnu) is the Bhagavan (God) for the Adhika Maas with the name ‘Lord Sri Purushottama‘.
What ever punya karya (good deeds works) like snana (bath), japa (meditation), homa (Vedic ritual) will be done in the Adhik Maas, will bring akshaya phala (unlimited fruits).
Lord Sri Vishnu also told that those who does not do any punya karya (good deeds works) during Adhik Maas will be getting daaridrya (poverty), putra-shoka (not having children), etc.
People who may not do be able to perform for the whole maasa / month, can do it at least on Krishna Paksha, Ashtami tithi, Navami tithi, Chaturdashi tithi, Dwadashi tithi, Purnami tithi, etc.
Story goes like this: In older days, there lived a Brahmana (Brahmin) and his name was Kaushika. He was a jitendriya (who had control over his Indriyas / senses).
Kaushika had a son and his name Maitreya. Maitrya was addicted to drinking alcohol and was a kamaandha (womanizer).
One day, Maitreya went to forest. Maitreya killed a Brahmana (Brahmin) in Sourashtra Pradesha and snatched all the money which that Brahmana (Brahmin) had. Because Maitreya killed that Brahmana, the whole City itself was burnt.
As Maitreya got the ‘maha paataka’ (highest sin) of ‘Brahma hatya dosha’ (killing a Brahmana), Maitreya after his death was taken by Lord Sri Yama’s soldiers and was thrown in Krimee kunda (vessel containing worms).
Maitreya was in the Naraka / Hell for more than 10,000 years.
After a very long period of stay in the Naraka, Kaushika, the father of Maitreya came to know about the same. Kaushika searched all the shruti and shastras (Hindu Texts) and found a remedy for ‘Brahma hatya parihara’ (solution of killing a Brahmana).
Kaushika did the Vrata named ‘Adhika maasa Vrata’ and gave 33 apoopa daana and his son was saved from the Naraka / Hell.
If ‘Adhika Maasa vrata’ is done with proper anusandhana (right path of Dharma), can remove even the maha pataka (highest sin) called ‘Brahma hatya dosha‘ too.
List of Adhik Maas years is as given below:
2010 – 2011 : Vikriti Nama Samvatsaram – Vaishakha Maas (month) Adhik Maas | 2012 – 2013 : Nandana Nama Samvatsaram – Bhadrapada Maas (month) Adhik Maas | 2015 – 2016 : Manmadha Nama Samvatsaram – Ashada Maas (month) Adhik Maas
2018 – 2019 : Vilambi Nama Samvatsaram – Jyeshta Maas (month) Adhik Maas | 2020 – 2021 : Sharvari Nama Samvatsaram – Ashwayuja Maas (month) Adhik Maas | 2023 – 2024 : Shubhakrutu Nama Samvatsaram – Shravana Maas (month) Adhik Maas
2026 – 2027 : Parabhava Nama Samvatsaram – Jyeshta Maas (month) Adhik Maas | 2029 : Saadhaaravan Nama Samvatsaram – Chaitra Maas (month) Adhik Maas | 2031 : Virodhikrit Nama Samvatsaram – Bhadrapada Maas (month) Adhik Maas
2034 : Ananda Nama Samvatsaram – Ashada Maas (month) Adhik Maas | 2037 : Pingala Nama Samvatsaram – Jyeshta Maas (month) Adhik Maas | 2039 : Siddharthi Nama Samvatsaram – Ashwin Maas (month) Adhik Maas
2042 : Dundubhi Nama Samvatsaram – Shravana Maas (month) Adhik Maas | 2045 : Krodhana Nama Samvatsaram – Jyeshta Maas (month) Adhik Maas | 2048 : Shukla Nama Samvatsaram – Chaitra Maas (month) Adhik Maas
2050 : Pramodutha Nama Samvatsaram – Bhadrapada Maas (month) Adhik Maas | 2053 : Srimukha Nama Samvatsaram – Ashada Maas (month) Adhik Maas | 2056 : Dhata Nama Samvatsaram – Vaishakha Maas (month) Adhik Maas
2058 : Bahudhanya Nama Samvatsaram – Ashwayuja Maas (month) Adhik Maas | 2061 : Vrusha Nama Samvatsaram – Shravana Maas (month) Adhik Maas | 2064 : Tharana Nama Samvatsaram – Jyeshta Maas (month) Adhik Maas
2067 : Sarvadhari Nama Samvatsaram – Chaitra Maas (month) Adhik Maas | 2069 : Virodhi Nama Samvatsaram – Shravana Maas (month) Adhik Maas | 2072 : Nandana Nama Samvatsaram – Ashada Maas (month) Adhik Maas
2075 : Manmadha Nama Samvatsaram – Vaishakha Maas (month) Adhik Maas | 2077 : Hevilambi Nama Samvatsaram – Ashwin Maas (month) Adhik Maas | 2080 : Sharvari Nama Samvatsaram – Shravana Maas (month) Adhik Maas
2083 : Shobhakrutu Nama Samvatsaram – Jyeshta Maas (month) Adhik Maas | 2086 : Palvanba Nama Samvatsaram – Chaitra Maas (month) Adhik Maas | 2088 : Keelaka Nama Samvatsaram – Shravana Maas (month) Adhik Maas
2091 : Virodhikrutu Nama Samvatsaram – Ashada Maas (month) Adhik Maas | 2094 : Ananda Nama Samvatsaram – Vaishakha Maas (month) Adhik Maas | 2096 : Nala Nama Samvatsaram – Bhadrapada Maas (month) Adhik Maas | 2099 : Siddharthi Nama Samvatsaram – Shravana Maas (month) Adhik Maas
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